What is a CPU (Central Processing Unit)

A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside the system. Often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, the CPU executes instructions from programs and carries out tasks that allow the computer to function. It handles basic operations like arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output (I/O) processing.

The CPU consists of several key parts:

• Control Unit (CU): Directs the operations of the processor by managing and interpreting instructions.
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs mathematical operations and logical comparisons.
• Registers: Small, fast storage areas within the CPU used for temporarily holding data and instructions.
• Cache: A small amount of very fast memory located on the CPU chip itself, which stores frequently used data to improve performance.

CPUs are measured in terms of speed (in gigahertz, GHz), number of cores (each core can run independent processes), and efficiency. They are critical in determining the overall speed and performance of a computer system.